Somehow, remarkably, it is already two weeks since I arrived back from Stratford. I'm not sure why time is rushing past so quickly - I naively thought it would slow down once I'd left work, but instead it seems to be galloping onwards and incredibly, we're already into March.
This week I've been working thorough the events of the 1913/14 Canadian and American tour by Benson and the 'Stratford upon Avon Players' . Expecting to have to try and recreate the tour from scratch, I was astounded to see that someone had beaten me to it and - in the process- saved me a lot of hard work! Marcia Jesson hosts a website dedicated to the actor Basil Rathbone - of Sherlock Holmes fame, among many other film roles. Basil Rathbone: Master of Stage and Screen
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Basil Rathbone c.1920 - NPG |
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Frank Benson c.1900 - post card image |
Rathbone was actually a distant cousin of Benson's - they shared a great great grandfather - and Benson gave him his first acting role. Rathbone was also one of the twenty five actors of the Stratford upon Avon Players Company who set sail for Canada and North America in October 1913, touring 14 plays to 52 different venues in 40 weeks. He was later to recall in his autobiography "In all I have played fifty-two roles in twenty-three plays of Shakespeare, some forty of these in about twenty of his plays in my first three years in the theater." The two were also strikingly similar in appearance.
Jesson has produced a comprehensive account of this tour, including venues and performances given, along with selections from newspaper reviews of the time, many of which are far more complimentary than received history would have one believe. However, the fact remains that the tour was not the success Benson and the Memorial Theatre Board had intended it to be.
Benson had left Avonport on September 20th, admirably supported by William Savery as his business manager, with Randle Ayrton and Harry Stafford as stage manger and assistant. Constance Benson, unhappy with the rather limited roles she had been offered, did not accompany her husband on the tour, choosing instead to tour a variety circuit with a play she'd written with H. O. Nicholson.
The minutes of a Board meeting in early December make it clear that the tour was haemorrhaging money and an overdraft had to be arranged with the bank to keep the Company on the road. Their initial success in Canada quickly evaporated as they reached Chicago. Newspaper reviews ranged from scathing to downright hostile.
The reasons for this hostility appears to have initially resulted from a newspaper article in the New York Times, suggesting that the Board of the Memorial Theatre had instructed Benson NOT to appear in New York because 'the general tenor of plays that seems to engross the metropolis at this time (...) It has become a "show town" instead of a theatrical centre for things worthwhile." This, purportedly, had been communicated as an official announcement, made by Benson himself.
This was 'repudiated entirely' on behalf of the Governors in the American Register, the following Sunday as 'the product of the fertile imagination of an American Press Agent' and (reported The Era) 'entirely without foundation. The Stratford upon Avon Players would, it was claimed, 'have been very pleased to visit New York had a theatre been available at the time they wanted it.' However, the damage had already been done. Many reviews in Chicago were brutal, often singling out Benson as a poor actor, too old for the roles he was playing.
J.C.Trewin (regrettably if characteristically not citing his source) relates how Benson addressed his company on stage on November 4th - his 54th birthday - after the disastrous notices: ' They don't like us. They have every right to their opinion, and I have no doubt it is all my fault, but I beg you not to lose heart, and to continue playing as if the notices had been splendid.'
By December, Bill Savery was cabling Archibald Flower, chairman of the Board of Directors, to say that the profits they had made in Canada had been wiped out by lacklustre houses in the US. The Company were initially bailed out by Herbert Clark Hoover - the mining engineer and financier who was later to become the 31st President of the United States - who as a shareholder in the Stratford upon Avon Players sent £200 to Columbus and then contributed a further £200 in return for further shares to keep the Company afloat. Savery was instructed to cable weekly reports to the Company's Henrietta Street offices in order to keep a closer eye on what was happening.
The tour continued until June 1914. Reviews improved in some cities but audiences were generally small as the account book for 1913/14 bears witness. All told, the company had travelled just under 12,000 miles in forty weeks (an average tour might see them do 2-4,000 miles), most of it by train, lugging scenery and costumes with them. Overall, losses topped £1000 - around £150,000 in today's money.
The North American tour would prove to be the final nail in the coffin for Benson and Stratford. Although he would return to Stratford for the Summer Festival of 1914, it would quickly be overshadowed by the outbreak of war on August 4th.